top of page

Likearmour Group

Public·75 members

Natasha Hicks
Natasha Hicks

Moonlight Shadow __TOP__


Get lost under the moonlight in this Schön! online editorial photographed by Takuya Uchiyama. Model Urvashi Umrao wears pieces from Nanushka, Peter Do, Christian Wijnants and others styled by Sohei Yoshida. Hair for the editorial is by Takayuki Shibata and make up is by Yuka Washizu.




moonlight shadow



Satsuki relates how she met Hitoshi while on a field trip in their sophomore year. They liked one another instantly, and were in love for a period of four years. Because of their different class schedules, however, the only time they had alone was on the bullet train. During one of these moments, Satsuki gave Hitoshi a bell that once belonged to her cat. Hitoshi loved the gift and kept it on him all the time. The bell came to symbolize their relationship, so much so that Satsuki could hear the bell even when Hitoshi was not around. Satsuki also mentions that, though they were very much in love, Hitoshi always had an ephemeral quality about him, as though he were drifting away or not of this world. In hindsight, Satsuki wonders if this attribute foreshadowed his death: Hitoshi died from a car accident one night when he was twenty, leaving her alone and grief-stricken.


Predation avoidance is a pivotal factor shaping the nocturnal activity of wildlife, which has been modeled by evolution to local environmental variables (Lima and Dill 1990; Ferrari et al. 2009; Monterroso et al. 2013). In this context, prey species developed strategies to avoid predation by developing survival tactics, whereas predators have to learn how to overcome those tactics in a sort of arms race (Monterroso et al. 2013). Although adapted to find prey in darkness, most nocturnal carnivores improve their hunting success on the brightest nights, i.e. in full moon and clear sky (Lima Sábato et al. 2006; Harmsen et al. 2011; Cozzi et al. 2012; Bhatt et al. 2021). In turn, prey species often decrease predator efficiency by moving in darkest nights, i.e. in new moon (Daly et al. 1992; Penteriani et al. 2013; Mori et al. 2014) and/or in densely wooded/scrubland habitats (Fattorini and Pokheral 2012; Prugh and Golden 2014). In other cases, when diurnal species are brought to develop nocturnal habits to limit encounters with humans or when visual acuity is low, preys may also be mostly active in bright moonlight to increase their ability to detect predators (e.g. Brown et al. 2011; Carnevali et al. 2016; Grignolio et al. 2018). Moonlight avoidance has been mostly recorded in small prey species, including rodents, marsupials and lagomorphs (Sutherland and Predavec 1999; Griffin et al. 2005; Mori et al. 2014; Viviano et al. 2021). Conversely, this behaviour has been poorly assessed in ungulates (Medici 2010; Brown et al. 2011; Jasińska et al. 2021; Table 1).


Predation risk is widely reported to affect the temporal activity patterns of prey species (Borowski and Owadowska 2010; Mori et al. 2020). Thus, the intensity of predation risk by wolf may force wild boar to use the areas where vegetation cover limits their detectability, or roam during darkest nights, as shown by our results. Similarly, Mori et al. (2020) showed that the wild boar increases its nocturnality and reduces diurnal activity in areas where a high frequency of wolf passage was recorded. Our findings showing that wild boars are less active during very bright nights, lead us to interpret this behaviour as an anti-predatory strategy, similar to moonlight avoidance in small mammals (Viviano et al. 2020; Hernández et al. 2021). Thus, where hunting occurs, where predation pressure is high, or in suburban and urban areas, the onset of wild boar activity is usually recorded at sunset (Cahill et al. 2003; Mori et al. 2020; Rossa et al. 2021), whereas in protected areas and where predators are rare, it may occur some hours before (Russo et al. 1997; Podgórski et al. 2013; Zanni et al. 2021). Although many studies have observed a sort of seasonality in wild boar activity, we showed a similar pattern of daily activity rhythms throughout the four seasons, possibly related to climatic conditions in our study area, which are characterised by reduced seasonality in respect to Alpine or Mediterranean areas (Russo et al. 1997; Keuling et al. 2008; Johann et al. 2020). In our study, regarding the Julian nights, the peak of wild boar activity occurred in autumn, thus confirming previous findings (Podgórski et al. 2013; Brivio et al. 2017; Johann et al. 2020). Autumn corresponds to the main hunting season, which is reported to trigger wild boar movements, thus increasing the activity time of this species (Brogi et al. 2020; Johann et al. 2020; Fanelli et al. 2021). Furthermore, after leaves fall, wild boar might have to range for long distances to find suitable resting sites for diurnal hours, often far from feeding areas (Johann et al. 2020). 041b061a72


About

Welcome to the group! You can connect with other members, ge...

Members

bottom of page